Two large staircases on either side of the cavea led spectators straight up from the two parodoi to the upper passageways of the theatre. It may also have accommodated the activities of the Epirote League, of which the Sanctuary was the seat during the period 330/325-233/2 BC.
However, the primary Hellenistic theatrical form was not tragedy but 'New Comedy', comic episodes about the lives of ordinary citizens. These, in turn, inspired the genre of Greek comedy plays.
The orchestra, 18.24 m. in diameter, is horseshoe-shaped, although it is originally thought to have formed a perfect circle. Their multifaceted role also justifies their physical relationship with the core of civic public life, the agora. The front tiers of each section and the last tier of the lower cavea boast luxurious backed thrones.
[1] Technically, they had to be citizens of Athens, which only applied to free-born men plus a few special cases. The front tier of seats included 67 marble thrones. The power of Athens declined following its defeat in the Peloponnesian War against the Spartans. From 449 BCE there were also prizes for the leading actors (prōtagōnistēs). 29 Sep 2020. Male actors playing female roles would wear a wooden structure on their chests (posterneda) to imitate the look of breasts and another structure on their stomachs (progastreda) to make them appear softer and more lady like. In the Roman world plays were translated and imitated in Latin, and the genre gave rise to a new art form from the 1st century BCE, pantomime, which drew inspiration from the presentation and subject matter of Greek tragedy.
Greek today as we know it was made in Athens some years before 532 BC, when Thespis was the earliest recorded playwright. Actors' voices needed to be heard throughout the theatre, including the very top row of seats. By the end of the 5th century BC, around the time of the Peloponnesian War, the skênê, the back wall, was two stories high. Most costuming detail comes from pottery paintings from that time as costumes and masks were fabricated out of disposable material, so there are little to no remains of any costume from that time. Herodotus reports that "the Athenians made clear their deep grief for the taking of Miletus in many ways, but especially in this: when Phrynichus wrote a play entitled "The Fall of Miletus" and produced it, the whole theatre fell to weeping; they fined Phrynichus a thousand drachmas for bringing to mind a calamity that affected them so personally and forbade the performance of that play forever. One of New Comedy's most important contributions was its influence on Roman comedy, an influence that can be seen in the surviving works of Plautus and Terence. Some have linked the rise of the genre to an earlier art form, the lyrical performance of epic poetry. The monument fell into disuse in the 4th c. AD. They were called the "prohedria" and reserved for priests and a few most respected citizens. Later, the actor would often speak to the leader of the chorus, a group of up to 15 actors (all male) who sang and danced but did not speak. [3] Eli Crozier points out that the shaman can be seen as an early type of actor influencing the rituals of early Greek theatre.[4][5]. In the parodoi, two monumental two-door propyla (porticos) led to the stage building and the orchestra.
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