JMW was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant ATM 1122989 and also by the Center for Ocean–Land–Atmosphere Studies (COLA). 12 time series of those indices are compared with a 12-yr low-pass Lanczos filtered time series of the EI. 4.
SOI is the Darwin minus Tahiti station-based Southern Oscillation index. The widely used interdecadal Pacific oscillation, defined in the introduction, is based on 13-yr low-pass-filtered data. (1997, hereinafter ZWB) partitioned ENSO-like variability into an “ENSO cycle–related” component on the interannual time scale, and what they referred to “residual ENSO-like variability,” mainly on the interdecadal time scale. Upper_75 and lower_75 denote the mean OT departure fields from ocean surface to 75-m depth and the lower layer of 75–700 m, respectively. It is notable that the variability of ENSO can be represented so well with just two tide gauge stations situated in the outer reaches of its dipole pattern in sea level. Many of the key findings of this section are summarized in Tables 2 and 3, which show correlation coefficients between all possible pairs of univariate indices of ENSO-like variability during 1900–2012 and 1950–2012, respectively. When EOF analysis is performed on short records of SSH or SSL [e.g., as in Nerem et al. In this section we show regression maps and time series documenting ENSO-like variability in sea surface temperature (section 3a), outgoing longwave radiation (section 3b), sea level pressure (section 3c), sea level (section 3d), and ocean temperature (section 3e), all on the basis of unfiltered monthly mean data. TG is the difference between the tide gauge records of the San Francisco and Fremantle. NINO3.4 partially overlaps both the NINO3 and NINO4 regions. Brian V. Smoliak performed preliminary analyses that guided us in framing this study. The rectangles indicate the domains of the regional EOF analyses upon which the PDO and SPDO are based. 2011) obtained from the Physical Division of NOAA/Environmental Science Research Laboratory (ESRL); interpolated OLR data (1979–2013) as described in Liebmann and Smith (1996); objectively analyzed subsurface temperature and salinity at 24 levels in the upper 1500 m during 1950–2012 (version 6.13) provided by Ishii and Kimoto (2009); global sea surface height (SSH) based on satellite altimetry from the Archiving, Validation, and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic Data (AVISO); and. Qualitatively similar diffuse signals are obtained for summations of IMFs 5 and 6–9, shown in Fig. (2002) found that the delayed oscillator mechanism is operative on the interannual time scale but on the interdecadal time scale they found little evidence of delayed signals reflecting off the western boundary.
Besides the time series shown in Table 2, SSL* and OT* are PC1s of the SSL and the OT departure fields, respectively. Scaling is arbitrary. In contrast, the amplitudes of the SLP anomalies in the unfiltered and 12-yr low-pass-filtered variability in our Fig.
The corresponding PC, which we will also refer to as the extratropical ENSO index (EEI), corresponds to the bottom time series in Fig. 5. The negative center of action over the Gulf of Alaska is especially prominent in the interdecadal ENSO-like variability. In the Northern and Southern Hemisphere subtropical trade wind belts the anomalous wind stress can be qualitatively inferred from the anomalous SLP gradient, making use of the geostrophic relationship. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 4. 1b) closely parallels the global-mean SST time series.
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