Hence, instead of a decaying El Niño Modoki event, the developing La Niña event probably facilitates the re‐invigoration of the WNP anti‐cyclonic flow in summer. In fact, positive SSTA is confined to the central Pacific (McPhaden, 2004; Bao and Han, 2009), indicative of an El Niño Modoki condition. It is a unique combination of monthly globally complete fields of SST and sea ice concentration on a 1° latitude–longitude grid. At the same time, the eastward warm advection at 500 hPa from the eastern flank of Tibetan Plateau facilitates the convection by inducing adiabatic ascent (Sampe and Xie, 2010).
CP El Niño and PDO Variability Affect Summer Precipitation over East China. Third, there is a striking difference in the atmospheric circulation associated with the two different types of El Niño during their decaying phase. In contrast, for El Niño Modoki, positive precipitation anomalies are mainly located in the Yellow–Huaihe River Valley and the precipitation tends to be below‐normal to the south of the Yangtze River (Figure 6(d)). At the same time, the sub‐tropical high associated with this anti‐cyclone is intensified with a westward shift, especially in July and August. Seasonal Covariability of Dryness or Wetness in China and Global Sea Surface Temperature. Particularly, the anomalous WNP anti‐cyclone has been documented to be directly related to the rainfall anomalies in China (Zhang et al., 1996). SSTAs in the tropical Pacific Ocean referred to as canonical El Ni˜no events (a) and El Nino Modoki events˜ (b).
The left column is for the El Niño events and the right one is for the El Niño Modoki events. Il est assez probable que cette configuration se répète en janvier et février 2019, associée à d’autres « désordres » tels que l’anomalie froide du nord-Atlantique et la très faible activité solaire. Pour être qualifiée d'El Niño, il faut que cette anomalie de température soit supérieure à 0,5 °C pendant au moins trois mois. Composite vertically integrated water vapour flux (vector; unit: kg/m/s) and anomalous divergence (contours; unit: 10−5 kg/m2/s) during (a, b) MAM (1) and (c, d) JJA (1) in El Niño and El Niño Modoki decaying years. L'Agence américaine d’observation océanique et atmosphérique vient de sortir son nouveau rapport concernant les anomalies de températures observées et prévues au niveau du Pacifique équatorial : El Niño aurait 90 % de chance de se former cet hiver. Xue and Liu (2008) defined two types of El Niño based on its intensity, namely moderate El Niño and strong El Niño, and found that they have different impacts on China rainfall. During the typical El Niño of 1997–1998 (McPhaden, 1999; Picaut et al., 2002), the Yangtze River Valley suffered a severe flood in 1998 summer (Figure 1(b)). El Niño est même d’ores et déjà en place avec une température de l'eau actuelle 1 degré plus élevée qu’habituellement, mais il faut atteindre les trois mois pour que cela soit officiel. Assessment of El Niño/La Niña impacts on China: Enhancing the early warning system on food and agriculture. Spatially Distinct Effects of Two El Niño Types on Summer Heat Extremes in China. In contrast, in El Niño Modoki decaying years, the evolution of the SSTAs in the Indian Ocean is different from that in El Niño events. The shading indicates 90% confidence level. Finally during summer of the decaying year, the warm SSTA disappears and is replaced by cool anomalies in the eastern Pacific.
This figure is available in colour online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/joc. This highlights the practical importance of distinguishing between the two types of El Niño and their climatic impacts. (a) The schematic map of China with the Yellow, Huaihe and Yangtze Rivers marked. This is consistent with previous studies (e.g. Mais cela n’est pas toujours le cas : les trois derniers, en 2012-2013, 2009-10 et 2004-05, ont au contraire apporté des hivers froids et neigeux (et longs !) For both El Niño and El Niño Modoki events, the anomalous WNP anti‐cyclone is meaningful for China rainfall variations so that we checked the Indian Ocean capacitor effect on this anti‐cyclone as proposed by Xie et al. Taschetto et al. Modulation of the Impacts of the Indian Ocean Basin Mode on Tropical Cyclones over the Northwest Pacific during the Boreal Summer by La Niña Modoki. The WNP anti‐cyclone can persist until summer by the Kelvin wave‐induced Ekman divergence mechanism. Drought Characteristic Analysis Based on an Improved PDSI in the Wei River Basin of China. El Niño y ahora el Niño Modoki son fenómenos muy estudiados en la actualidad. The El Niño‐Southern oscillation (ENSO) is a coupled ocean‐atmosphere phenomenon in the tropical Pacific, which has an important influence on the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) (e.g. Different Influences of Two El Niño Types on Low-Level Atmospheric Circulation over the Subtropical Western North Pacific.
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